Kubernetes(k8s)-kubernetes

K8s（Kubernetes）

1、KUbernets基础

1.1、kubernetes特性

kubernetes具有以下特性：

服务发现和负载均衡
Kubernetes 可以使用 DNS 名称或自己的 IP 地址公开容器，如果进入容器的流量很大， Kubernetes 可以负载均衡并分配网络流量，从而使部署稳定。
存储编排
Kubernetes 允许你自动挂载你选择的存储系统，例如本地存储、公共云提供商等。
自动部署和回滚
你可以使用 Kubernetes 描述已部署容器的所需状态，它可以以受控的速率将实际状态更改为期望状态。例如，你可以自动化 Kubernetes 来为你的部署创建新容器，删除现有容器并将它们的所有资源用于新容器。
自动完成装箱计算
Kubernetes 允许你指定每个容器所需 CPU 和内存（RAM）。当容器指定了资源请求时，Kubernetes 可以做出更好的决策来管理容器的资源。
自我修复
Kubernetes 重新启动失败的容器、替换容器、杀死不响应用户定义的运行状况检查的容器，并且在准备好服务之前不将其通告给客户端。
密钥与配置管理
Kubernetes 允许你存储和管理敏感信息，例如密码、OAuth 令牌和 ssh 密钥。你可以在不重建容器镜像的情况下部署和更新密钥和应用程序配置，也无需在堆栈配置中暴露密钥。

Kubernetes 为你提供了一个可弹性运行分布式系统的框架。 Kubernetes 会满足你的扩展要求、故障转移、部署模式等。例如，Kubernetes 可以轻松管理系统的 Canary 部署。

1.2、架构

1.2.1、工作方式

Kubernetes Cluster = N Master Node + N Worker Node：N主节点+N工作节点； N>=1

1.2.2、组件架构

a. 控制平面组件（Control Plane Components）

控制平面的组件对集群做出全局决策(比如调度)，以及检测和响应集群事件（例如，当不满足部署的 replicas 字段时，启动新的 pod）。

控制平面组件可以在集群中的任何节点上运行。然而，为了简单起见，设置脚本通常会在同一个计算机上启动所有控制平面组件，并且不会在此计算机上运行用户容器。请参阅使用 kubeadm 构建高可用性集群中关于多 VM 控制平面设置的示例。

kube-apiserver

API 服务器是 Kubernetes 控制面的组件，该组件公开了 Kubernetes API。 API 服务器是 Kubernetes 控制面的前端。

Kubernetes API 服务器的主要实现是 kube-apiserver。 kube-apiserver 设计上考虑了水平伸缩，也就是说，它可通过部署多个实例进行伸缩。你可以运行 kube-apiserver 的多个实例，并在这些实例之间平衡流量。

etcd

etcd 是兼具一致性和高可用性的键值数据库，可以作为保存 Kubernetes 所有集群数据的后台数据库。

您的 Kubernetes 集群的 etcd 数据库通常需要有个备份计划。

要了解 etcd 更深层次的信息，请参考 etcd 文档。

kube-scheduler

控制平面组件，负责监视新创建的、未指定运行节点（node）的 Pods，选择节点让 Pod 在上面运行。

调度决策考虑的因素包括单个 Pod 和 Pod 集合的资源需求、硬件/软件/策略约束、亲和性和反亲和性规范、数据位置、工作负载间的干扰和最后时限。

kube-controller-manager

在主节点上运行控制器的组件。

从逻辑上讲，每个控制器都是一个单独的进程，但是为了降低复杂性，它们都被编译到同一个可执行文件，并在一个进程中运行。

这些控制器包括:

- 节点控制器（Node Controller）: 负责在节点出现故障时进行通知和响应

- 任务控制器（Job controller）: 监测代表一次性任务的 Job 对象，然后创建 Pods 来运行这些任务直至完成

- 端点控制器（Endpoints Controller）: 填充端点(Endpoints)对象(即加入 Service 与 Pod)

- 服务帐户和令牌控制器（Service Account & Token Controllers）: 为新的命名空间创建默认帐户和 API 访问令牌

cloud-controller-manager

云控制器管理器是指嵌入特定云的控制逻辑的控制平面组件。云控制器管理器允许您链接集群到云提供商的应用编程接口中，并把和该云平台交互的组件与只和您的集群交互的组件分离开。

cloud-controller-manager 仅运行特定于云平台的控制回路。如果你在自己的环境中运行 Kubernetes，或者在本地计算机中运行学习环境，所部署的环境中不需要云控制器管理器。

与 kube-controller-manager 类似，cloud-controller-manager 将若干逻辑上独立的控制回路组合到同一个可执行文件中，供你以同一进程的方式运行。你可以对其执行水平扩容（运行不止一个副本）以提升性能或者增强容错能力。

下面的控制器都包含对云平台驱动的依赖：

节点控制器（Node Controller）: 用于在节点终止响应后检查云提供商以确定节点是否已被删除
路由控制器（Route Controller）: 用于在底层云基础架构中设置路由
服务控制器（Service Controller）: 用于创建、更新和删除云提供商负载均衡器

b. Node 组件

节点组件在每个节点上运行，维护运行的 Pod 并提供 Kubernetes 运行环境。

kubelet

一个在集群中每个节点（node）上运行的代理。它保证容器（containers）都运行在 Pod 中。

kubelet 接收一组通过各类机制提供给它的 PodSpecs，确保这些 PodSpecs 中描述的容器处于运行状态且健康。 kubelet 不会管理不是由 Kubernetes 创建的容器。

kube-proxy

kube-proxy 是集群中每个节点上运行的网络代理，实现 Kubernetes 服务（Service）概念的一部分。

kube-proxy 维护节点上的网络规则。这些网络规则允许从集群内部或外部的网络会话与 Pod 进行网络通信。

如果操作系统提供了数据包过滤层并可用的话，kube-proxy 会通过它来实现网络规则。否则， kube-proxy 仅转发流量本身。

1.3、Kubeadm创建集群

请参照以前Docker安装。先提前为所有机器安装Docker

1.3.1、安装kubeadm

一台兼容的 Linux 主机。Kubernetes 项目为基于 Debian 和 Red Hat 的 Linux 发行版以及一些不提供包管理器的发行版提供通用的指令
每台机器 2 GB 或更多的 RAM （如果少于这个数字将会影响你应用的运行内存)
2 CPU 核或更多
集群中的所有机器的网络彼此均能相互连接(公网和内网都可以)
- 设置防火墙放行规则
节点之中不可以有重复的主机名、MAC 地址或 product_uuid。请参见这里了解更多详细信息。
- 设置不同hostname
开启机器上的某些端口。请参见这里了解更多详细信息。
- 内网互信
禁用交换分区。为了保证 kubelet 正常工作，你必须禁用交换分区。
- 永久关闭

a、基础环境

所有机器执行以下操作

#各个机器设置自己的域名
hostnamectl set-hostname xxxx


# 将 SELinux 设置为 permissive 模式（相当于将其禁用）
sudo setenforce 0
sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config

#关闭swap
swapoff -a  
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

#允许 iptables 检查桥接流量
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sudo sysctl --system

b、安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
   http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl
EOF


sudo yum install -y kubelet-1.20.9 kubeadm-1.20.9 kubectl-1.20.9 --disableexcludes=kubernetes

sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet

1.3.2、使用kubeadm引导集群

a、下载各个机器需要的镜像

sudo tee ./images.sh <<-'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
images=(
kube-apiserver:v1.20.9
kube-proxy:v1.20.9
kube-controller-manager:v1.20.9
kube-scheduler:v1.20.9
coredns:1.7.0
etcd:3.4.13-0
pause:3.2
)
for imageName in ${images[@]} ; do
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/$imageName
done
EOF
   
chmod +x ./images.sh && ./images.sh

b、初始化主节点

#所有机器添加master域名映射，以下需要修改为自己的。集群网络节点。直接用公网ip
echo "10.170.0.2  cluster-endpoint" >> /etc/hosts



#主节点初始化
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=10.170.0.2 \
--control-plane-endpoint=cluster-endpoint \
--image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images \
--kubernetes-version v1.20.9 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16
#所有网络范围不重叠
#--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

初始化成功后，复制成功后的命令

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

You can now join any number of control-plane nodes by copying certificate authorities
and service account keys on each node and then running the following as root:

  kubeadm join cluster-endpoint:6443 --token 4zdvoq.xxtra1y3k6usvvvl \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:5ce383627f9919391677e5fdc1d3ee2ac16a1c95f396ac81adeb3d4c6ffda41c \
    --control-plane 

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join cluster-endpoint:6443 --token 4zdvoq.xxtra1y3k6usvvvl \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:5ce383627f9919391677e5fdc1d3ee2ac16a1c95f396ac81adeb3d4c6ffda41c

#查看集群所有节点
kubectl get nodes

#根据配置文件，给集群创建资源
kubectl apply -f xxxx.yaml

#查看集群部署了哪些应用？
docker ps   ==【等于】  kubectl get pods -A
# 运行中的应用在docker里面叫容器，在k8s里面叫Pod
kubectl get pods -A

报错：

[root@k8master ~]# kubectl get bodes
The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
[root@k8master ~]# kubectl get nodes

解决方案：

1、具体根据情况，此处记录linux设置该环境变量
方式一：编辑文件设置
	   vim /etc/profile
	   在底部增加新的环境变量 export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
方式二:直接追加文件内容
	echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> /etc/profile

2、source /etc/profile

c、安装网络插件

curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml -O #calico --192.168.0.0/16

#curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml -o	 #flannel --10.244.0.0/16

#1
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
#2
#kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

kubectl delete -f kube-flannel.yml

不过我的是kubeadm init时配置的pod的网段不对。网段不重复就行。如果你的也是网段重复，那么就按我下面做的试试。我的虚拟机网段是192.168，
init时的参数是
主节点 apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.223.129
service网段 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16  
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16  pod网段  
calico配置文件需要更改：找到以下参数名，放开注释，
CALICO_IPV4PO
OL_CIDR 10.244.0.0/16

注意：

~~如果--pod-network-cidr不为192.168.0.0/16，则需要修改calico.yaml，将`value:xxx.xxx.xx.xx~~
~~如果使用 10.244.0.0/16，则使用flannel，kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml~~
Calico 网络默认pod网络网段为192.168.0.0/16 ，会自动分配service网段，因此不需要像Flannel一样设置service网段。笔者虚拟机网段为192.168.2.x，为了更方便测试网络信息，此处将网段设置为 --pod-network-cidr=10.224.0.0/16 。
正常执行，kubectl apply -f calico.yaml，暂未发现错误

d、加入node节点

kubeadm join cluster-endpoint:6443 --token x5g4uy.wpjjdbgra92s25pp \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6255797916eaee52bf9dda9429db616fcd828436708345a308f4b917d3457a22

新令牌

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

e、部署dashboard

kubernetes官方提供的可视化界面
https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard
采用最新版

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.3.1/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

设置访问端口

kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard

type: ClusterIP 改为 type: NodePort

kubectl get svc -A |grep kubernetes-dashboard
## 找到端口，在安全组放行
443:30747/TCP

创建账号

#创建访问账号，准备一个yaml文件； vi dash.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

kubectl apply -f dash.yaml

令牌访问

#获取访问令牌
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get sa/admin-user -o jsonpath="{.secrets[0].name}") -o go-template="{{.data.token | base64decode}}"

eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IlhpSy1JdjBWdUpxZjR5WWszSVVuWWpIV19kTHJRYzd4dW85SXBVRDg3NEUifQ.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.TGIqeKiAfFCKiP5_xNAaYi-krOaLMTGRhu8jcn_viJiKMjmAZGpwJiUgyDjef0yO4YH0SjoQ-PznfnlfRo1OivydGbSzRXiQ5Tdav6nJ_mDp3i8mGOkWjZPHtxXArK8Lj0LkV3GumqMCBq2JjIOCbuM3ru4lbMdDCwpeMbT5jCIu2lDkegTACkxpWjYAKwNLoRLx-TUGRvCcPO11o_fgBCiEOQd6wUOxC-b508kuF6ZQe-XtGgfpw1j_wFQ9rmsNXwXJi_60kddBePKe1PipYtm4pwuodF2SD7x9vCEQhrx3n51KevUTik_7MX-KCRHw-j7_ZbH_zP_50jyn6QDGpA

1.3.3、查错

kubernetes-dashboard Back-off restarting failed container

kubectl get pods -n kube-system | grep -v Running

kubectl describe pod kubernetes-dashboard-7b5d774449-bg6fr -n kubernetes-dashboard

# kubectl get deployment -A 找到对应的deployment NAME
kubectl delete deployment kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard

# kubectl get service -A 找到对应的service NAME
kubectl delete service kubernetes-dashboard  -n kubernetes-dashboard

# 重新部署
kubectl apply -f dashboard.yaml

[[kubelet-check] The HTTP call equal to ‘curl -sSL http://localhost:10248/healthz’ failed with error: Get “http://localhost:10248/healthz”: dial tcp [::1]:10248: connect: connection refused.]
```
# 添加以下内容
vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}

# 重启docker
systemctl restart docker
# 重新初始化
kubeadm reset # 先重置
```
CrashLoopBackOff: dial tcp ip:443: connect: no route to host

iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT

2、Kubernets实战

2.1、资源创建方式

命令行
YAML

2.2、Namespace

名称空间用来隔离资源

kubectl create ns hello
kubectl delete ns hello

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: hello

2.3、Pod

运行中的一组容器，Pod是kubernetes中应用的最小单位.

命令式

kubectl run mynginx --image=nginx

# 查看default名称空间的Pod
kubectl get pod 
# 描述
kubectl describe pod 你自己的Pod名字
# 删除
kubectl delete pod Pod名字
# 查看Pod的运行日志
kubectl logs Pod名字

# 每个Pod - k8s都会分配一个ip
kubectl get pod -owide
# 使用Pod的ip+pod里面运行容器的端口
curl 192.168.169.136

# 集群中的任意一个机器以及任意的应用都能通过Pod分配的ip来访问这个Pod

yaml式

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: mynginx
  name: mynginx
#  namespace: default
spec:
  containers:
  - image: nginx
    name: mynginx

2.4、Deployment

控制Pod，使Pod拥有多副本，自愈，扩缩容等能力。

pod崩溃活删除后，自动复制重新恢复

# 清除所有Pod，比较下面两个命令有何不同效果？
kubectl run mynginx --image=nginx

kubectl create deployment mytomcat --image=tomcat:8.5.68
# 自愈能力

2.4.1、多副本

kubectl create deployment my-dep --image=nginx --replicas=3

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: my-dep
  name: my-dep
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: my-dep
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: my-dep
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx

2.4.2、扩缩容

kubectl scale --replicas=5 deployment/my-dep

kubectl edit deployment my-dep

#修改 replicas

2.4.3、自愈&故障转移

停机
删除Pod
容器崩溃

2.4.4、滚动更新

kubectl set image deployment/my-dep nginx=nginx:1.16.1 --record
kubectl rollout status deployment/my-dep

# 修改 kubectl edit deployment/my-dep

2.4.5、版本回退

#历史记录
kubectl rollout history deployment/my-dep


#查看某个历史详情
kubectl rollout history deployment/my-dep --revision=2

#回滚(回到上次)
kubectl rollout undo deployment/my-dep

#回滚(回到指定版本)
kubectl rollout undo deployment/my-dep --to-revision=2

除了Deployment，k8s还有 StatefulSet 、DaemonSet 、Job 等类型资源。我们都称为 工作负载。

有状态应用使用 StatefulSet 部署，无状态应用使用 Deployment 部署

https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/

2.5、Service

将一组 Pods 公开为网络服务的抽象方法。

#暴露Deploy
kubectl expose deployment my-dep --port=8000 --target-port=80

#使用标签检索Pod
kubectl get pod -l app=my-dep

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: my-dep
  name: my-dep
spec:
  selector:
    app: my-dep
  ports:
  - port: 8000
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80

2.5.1、ClusterIP

# 等同于没有--type的
kubectl expose deployment my-dep --port=8000 --target-port=80 --type=ClusterIP

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: my-dep
  name: my-dep
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 8000
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app: my-dep
  type: ClusterIP

2.5.2、NodePort

kubectl expose deployment my-dep --port=8000 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: my-dep
  name: my-dep
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 8000
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app: my-dep
  type: NodePort

NodePort范围在 30000-32767 之间

2.6、Ingress

2.6.1、安装

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/controller-v0.47.0/deploy/static/provider/baremetal/deploy.yaml

#修改镜像
vi deploy.yaml
#将image的值改为如下值：
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/ingress-nginx-controller:v0.46.0

# 检查安装的结果
kubectl get pod,svc -n ingress-nginx

# 最后别忘记把svc暴露的端口要放行

如果下载不到，用以下文件：

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx

---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-serviceaccount.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
automountServiceAccountToken: true
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
data:
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/clusterrole.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
  name: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - endpoints
      - nodes
      - pods
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - services
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - extensions
      - networking.k8s.io   # k8s 1.14+
    resources:
      - ingresses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - events
    verbs:
      - create
      - patch
  - apiGroups:
      - extensions
      - networking.k8s.io   # k8s 1.14+
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - networking.k8s.io   # k8s 1.14+
    resources:
      - ingressclasses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/clusterrolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
  name: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: ingress-nginx
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: ingress-nginx
    namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-role.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - namespaces
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - pods
      - secrets
      - endpoints
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - services
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - extensions
      - networking.k8s.io   # k8s 1.14+
    resources:
      - ingresses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - extensions
      - networking.k8s.io   # k8s 1.14+
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - networking.k8s.io   # k8s 1.14+
    resources:
      - ingressclasses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - configmaps
    resourceNames:
      - ingress-controller-leader-nginx
    verbs:
      - get
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - configmaps
    verbs:
      - create
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - events
    verbs:
      - create
      - patch
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-rolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: ingress-nginx
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: ingress-nginx
    namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-service-webhook.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx-controller-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
    - name: https-webhook
      port: 443
      targetPort: webhook
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  annotations:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: http
    - name: https
      port: 443
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: https
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
      app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
      app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  minReadySeconds: 0
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    spec:
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      containers:
        - name: controller
          image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/ingress-nginx-controller:v0.46.0
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          lifecycle:
            preStop:
              exec:
                command:
                  - /wait-shutdown
          args:
            - /nginx-ingress-controller
            - --election-id=ingress-controller-leader
            - --ingress-class=nginx
            - --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx-controller
            - --validating-webhook=:8443
            - --validating-webhook-certificate=/usr/local/certificates/cert
            - --validating-webhook-key=/usr/local/certificates/key
          securityContext:
            capabilities:
              drop:
                - ALL
              add:
                - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            runAsUser: 101
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
          env:
            - name: POD_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.name
            - name: POD_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
            - name: LD_PRELOAD
              value: /usr/local/lib/libmimalloc.so
          livenessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 5
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 1
          readinessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 1
          ports:
            - name: http
              containerPort: 80
              protocol: TCP
            - name: https
              containerPort: 443
              protocol: TCP
            - name: webhook
              containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          volumeMounts:
            - name: webhook-cert
              mountPath: /usr/local/certificates/
              readOnly: true
          resources:
            requests:
              cpu: 100m
              memory: 90Mi
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
      volumes:
        - name: webhook-cert
          secret:
            secretName: ingress-nginx-admission
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/validating-webhook.yaml
# before changing this value, check the required kubernetes version
# https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers/#prerequisites
apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: ValidatingWebhookConfiguration
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
webhooks:
  - name: validate.nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
    matchPolicy: Equivalent
    rules:
      - apiGroups:
          - networking.k8s.io
        apiVersions:
          - v1beta1
        operations:
          - CREATE
          - UPDATE
        resources:
          - ingresses
    failurePolicy: Fail
    sideEffects: None
    admissionReviewVersions:
      - v1
      - v1beta1
    clientConfig:
      service:
        namespace: ingress-nginx
        name: ingress-nginx-controller-admission
        path: /networking/v1beta1/ingresses
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/serviceaccount.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/clusterrole.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - admissionregistration.k8s.io
    resources:
      - validatingwebhookconfigurations
    verbs:
      - get
      - update
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/clusterrolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: ingress-nginx-admission
    namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/role.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
  namespace: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - get
      - create
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/rolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
  namespace: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: ingress-nginx-admission
    namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/job-createSecret.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission-create
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      name: ingress-nginx-admission-create
      labels:
        helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
        app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
        app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: create
          image: docker.io/jettech/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.5.1
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          args:
            - create
            - --host=ingress-nginx-controller-admission,ingress-nginx-controller-admission.$(POD_NAMESPACE).svc
            - --namespace=$(POD_NAMESPACE)
            - --secret-name=ingress-nginx-admission
          env:
            - name: POD_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
      serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx-admission
      securityContext:
        runAsNonRoot: true
        runAsUser: 2000
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/job-patchWebhook.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission-patch
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      name: ingress-nginx-admission-patch
      labels:
        helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
        app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
        app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: patch
          image: docker.io/jettech/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.5.1
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          args:
            - patch
            - --webhook-name=ingress-nginx-admission
            - --namespace=$(POD_NAMESPACE)
            - --patch-mutating=false
            - --secret-name=ingress-nginx-admission
            - --patch-failure-policy=Fail
          env:
            - name: POD_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
      serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx-admission
      securityContext:
        runAsNonRoot: true
        runAsUser: 2000

2.6.2、使用

官网地址：https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/

就是nginx做的

测试环境

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: hello-server
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: hello-server
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: hello-server
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: hello-server
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/hello-server
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9000
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: nginx-demo
  name: nginx-demo
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx-demo
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx-demo
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: nginx-demo
  name: nginx-demo
spec:
  selector:
    app: nginx-demo
  ports:
  - port: 8000
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: hello-server
  name: hello-server
spec:
  selector:
    app: hello-server
  ports:
  - port: 8000
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 9000

a、域名访问

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress  
metadata:
  name: ingress-host-bar
spec:
  ingressClassName: nginx
  rules:
  - host: "tailsman.tk"
    http:
      paths:
      - pathType: Prefix
        path: "/"
        backend:
          service:
            name: hello-server
            port:
              number: 8000
  - host: "seastar.tk"
    http:
      paths:
      - pathType: Prefix
        path: "/nginx"  # 把请求会转给下面的服务，下面的服务pod一定要能处理这个路径，不能处理就是404
        backend:
          service:
            name: nginx-demo  ## java，比如使用路径重写，去掉前缀nginx
            port:
              number: 8000

path: “/nginx” 与 path: “/” 有不同效果

kubectl edit ing ing -n namespace #默认可不写

b、域名修改

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress  
metadata:
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /$2
  name: ingress-host-bar
spec:
  ingressClassName: nginx
  rules:
  - host: "tailsman.tk"
    http:
      paths:
      - pathType: Prefix
        path: "/"
        backend:
          service:
            name: hello-server
            port:
              number: 8000
  - host: "seastar.tk"
    http:
      paths:
      - pathType: Prefix
        path: "/nginx(/|$)(.*)"  # 把请求会转给下面的服务，下面的服务一定要能处理这个路径，不能处理就是404
        backend:
          service:
            name: nginx-demo  ## java，比如使用路径重写，去掉前缀nginx
            port:
              number: 8000

c、流量限制

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-limit-rate
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rps: "1"
spec:
  ingressClassName: nginx
  rules:
  - host: "haha.seastar.tk"
    http:
      paths:
      - pathType: Exact
        path: "/"
        backend:
          service:
            name: nginx-demo
            port:
              number: 8000

2.7、存储抽象

环境准备

2.7.1、所有节点

#所有机器安装
yum install -y nfs-utils

2.7.2、主节点

#nfs主节点
echo "/nfs/data/ *(insecure,rw,sync,no_root_squash)" > /etc/exports

mkdir -p /nfs/data
systemctl enable rpcbind --now
systemctl enable nfs-server --now
#配置生效
exportfs -r

2.7.3、从节点

showmount -e 172.31.0.4

#执行以下命令挂载 nfs 服务器上的共享目录到本机路径 /root/nfsmount
mkdir -p /nfs/data

mount -t nfs 172.31.0.4:/nfs/data /nfs/data
# 写入一个测试文件
echo "hello nfs server" > /nfs/data/test.txtxxxxxxxxxx showmount -e 172.31.0.4
#执行以下命令挂载 nfs 服务器上的共享目录到本机路径 
/root/nfsmountmkdir -p /nfs/datamount -t nfs 172.31.0.4:/nfs/data /nfs/data# 
写入一个测试文件
echo "hello nfs server" > /nfs/data/test.txt3

2.7.4、原生方式数据挂载

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: nginx-pv-demo
  name: nginx-pv-demo
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx-pv-demo
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx-pv-demo
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx
        volumeMounts:
        - name: html
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
      volumes:
        - name: html
          nfs:
            server: 172.31.0.4
            path: /nfs/data/nginx-pv

2.7.5、PV&PVC

PV：持久卷（Persistent Volume），将应用需要持久化的数据保存到指定位置

PVC：持久卷申明（Persistent Volume Claim），申明需要使用的持久卷规格

创建pv池

静态供应

#nfs主节点
mkdir -p /nfs/data/01
mkdir -p /nfs/data/02
mkdir -p /nfs/data/03

创建PV

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv01-10m
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 10M
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  storageClassName: nfs
  nfs:
    path: /nfs/data/01
    server: 172.31.0.4
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv02-1gi
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 1Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  storageClassName: nfs
  nfs:
    path: /nfs/data/02
    server: 172.31.0.4
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv03-3gi
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 3Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  storageClassName: nfs
  nfs:
    path: /nfs/data/03
    server: 172.31.0.4

PVC创建与绑定

创建PVC

kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: nginx-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 200Mi
  storageClassName: nfs

创建Pod绑定PVC

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: nginx-deploy-pvc
  name: nginx-deploy-pvc
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx-deploy-pvc
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx-deploy-pvc
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx
        volumeMounts:
        - name: html
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
      volumes:
        - name: html
          persistentVolumeClaim:
            claimName: nginx-pvc

2.7.6、ConfigMap

抽取应用配置，并且可以自动更新

以redis示例

把之前的配置文件创建为配置集

# 创建配置，redis保存到k8s的etcd；
kubectl create cm redis-conf --from-file=redis.conf

apiVersion: v1
data:    #data是所有真正的数据，key：默认是文件名   value：配置文件的内容
  redis.conf: |
    appendonly yes
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: redis-conf
  namespace: default

创建Pod

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: redis
spec:
  containers:
  - name: redis
    image: redis
    command:
      - redis-server
      - "/redis-master/redis.conf"  #指的是redis容器内部的位置
    ports:
    - containerPort: 6379
    volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /data
      name: data
    - mountPath: /redis-master
      name: config
  volumes:
    - name: data
      emptyDir: {}
    - name: config
      configMap:
        name: redis-conf
        items:
        - key: redis.conf
          path: redis.conf

检查默认配置

kubectl exec -it redis -- redis-cli

127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET appendonly
127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET requirepass

修改ConfigMap

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: example-redis-config
data:
  redis-config: |
    maxmemory 2mb
    maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru

检查配置是否更新

kubectl exec -it redis -- redis-cli

127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET maxmemory
127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET maxmemory-policy

检查指定文件内容是否已经更新

修改了CM。Pod里面的配置文件会跟着变

*配置值未更改，因为需要重新启动 Pod 才能从关联的 ConfigMap 中获取更新的值。*

*原因：我们的Pod部署的中间件自己本身没有热更新能力*

2.7.7、Secret

Secret 对象类型用来保存敏感信息，例如密码、OAuth 令牌和 SSH 密钥。将这些信息放在 secret 中比放在 Pod 的定义或者容器镜像中来说更加安全和灵活。

kubectl create secret docker-registry leifengyang-docker \
--docker-username=leifengyang \
--docker-password=Lfy123456 \
[email protected]

##命令格式
kubectl create secret docker-registry regcred \
  --docker-server=<你的镜像仓库服务器> \
  --docker-username=<你的用户名> \
  --docker-password=<你的密码> \
  --docker-email=<你的邮箱地址>

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: private-nginx
spec:
  containers:
  - name: private-nginx
    image: leifengyang/guignginx:v1.0
  imagePullSecrets:
  - name: leifengyang-docker